NOTE / NOTE Sphagnum mosses limit total carbon consumption during fire in Alaskan black spruce forests

نویسندگان

  • Gordon Shetler
  • Merritt R. Turetsky
  • Evan Kane
  • Eric Kasischke
چکیده

The high water retention of hummock-forming Sphagnum species minimizes soil moisture fluctuations and might protect forest floor organic matter from burning during wildfire. We hypothesized that Sphagnum cover reduces overall forest floor organic matter consumption during wildfire compared with other ground-layer vegetation. We characterized variability in soil organic layer depth and organic matter stocks in two pairs of burned and unburned black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands in interior Alaska. In the unburned stands, microsites dominated by Sphagnum had more than twice as much soil organic matter m–2 as microsites dominated by feather moss and (or) lichens. Whereas 20% of soil organic matter was consumed during fire in microsites dominated by Sphagnum, 45% was consumed in microsites dominated by the feather moss and (or) lichens. Across 79 recently burned black spruce stands, unburned moss abundance (primarily remnant Sphagnum hummocks), landscape position (backslope, flat upland, flat lowland classes), and the interaction among these variables explained 60% of postfire organic soil depths. We suggest that ‘‘Sphagnum sheep’’ could serve as a useful visual indicator of variability in postfire soil carbon stocks in boreal black spruce forests. Sphagnum mosses are important ecosystem engineers not only for their influence on decomposition rates, but also for their effect on fuel consumption and fire patterning. Résumé : La forte rétention d’eau par les espèces du genre Sphagnum qui forment des buttes minimise les fluctuations de la teneur en eau du sol et pourrait empêcher la matière organique du sol forestier de brûler pendant un feu de forêt. Nous posons l’hypothèse que le couvert de Sphagnum diminue globalement la consommation de matière organique au sol pendant un feu comparativement à d’autres types de végétation au sol. Nous avons caractérisé la variabilité de l’épaisseur et des stocks de matière organique dans deux paires de stations d’épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) brûlées et non brûlées du centre de l’Alaska, aux États-Unis. Dans les stations non brûlées, les microsites dominés par Sphagnum avaient plus de deux fois plus de matière organique au sol m–2 que les microsites dominés par les mousses hypnacées et les lichens. Alors que 20 % de la matière organique au sol était consumé pendant un feu dans les microsites dominés par Sphagnum, ce taux s’élevait à 45 % dans les microsites dominés par les mousses hypnacées et les lichens. Parmi 79 stations d’épinette noire récemment brûlées, l’abondance de mousses non brûlées (principalement des buttes rémanentes de Sphagnum), la position topographique (classes de revers, de sommet plat et de basse terre plate) et l’interaction entre ces variables expliquaient 60 % de l’épaisseur de la matière organique au sol à la suite d’un feu. Nous croyons que les monticules de Sphagnum pourraient être utiles comme indicateurs visuels pour établir la variabilité des stocks de carbone dans le sol à la suite du passage d’un feu dans les forêts boréales d’épinette noire. Les sphaignes sont des composantes importantes de l’écosystème non seulement à cause de leur influence sur le taux de décomposition, mais aussi à cause de leur effet sur la consommation des combustibles et le modelage du feu. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2008